NMR pulse sequence:
SEDOR

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Spin Echo DOble Resonance

Hahn and coworkers proposed the SEDOR sequence, which is a static experiment. It allows us to check the connectivities between adjacent nuclei and to determine their interatomic distances. Here, the heteronuclear dipole coupling does not dependent on time.

The SEDOR experiment is performed with the Hahn echo sequence on 27Al and the dephasing pulse on 31P. Both 180° pulses are applied at the same time. The delay tau designates the defocusing and refocusing time. The selective 90° and 180° pulses on 27Al excite only the central transition. In other words, 27Al can be treated as a pseudo spin-1/2 nucleus.

Sequences of Schemes (1) and (2) are performed for each tau.

SEDOR pulse sequence

The following version of SEDOR, called fixed time SEDOR, is preferred.

The duration t1, between the selective 90° pulse of 27Al and the 180° pulse of 31P, is increased form zero to tau during the experiment. The delay tau is held fixed. Therefore, sequence of Scheme (1) is performed only once, reducing the total experiment duration.

Due to a fixed time tau, only the effect of the coupled nucleus, 31P, is observed and not the time evolution of spin-spin relaxation of the observed nucleus, 27Al.

Fixed time SEDOR pulse sequence

Usually, the SEDOR fraction f(t1), defined by
f(t1) = [signal from Scheme (1) - signal from Scheme (2)]/signal from Scheme (1),
f(t1) = [Secho - S(t1)]/Secho,
is plotted versus t1. The interatomic distance is extracted by fitting these data with a theoretical curve.

Solid-state NMR bibliography for:

Aluminum-27
Antimony-121/123
Arsenic-75
Barium-135/137
Beryllium-9
Bismuth-209
Boron-11
Bromine-79/81
Calcium-43
Cesium-133
Chlorine-35/37
Chromium-53
Cobalt-59
Copper-63/65
Deuterium-2
Gallium-69/71
Germanium-73
Gold-197
Hafnium-177/179
Indium-113/115
Iodine-127
Iridium-191/193
Krypton-83
Lanthanum-139
Lithium-7
Magnesium-25
Manganese-55
Mercury-201
Molybdenum-95/97
Neon-21
Nickel-61
Niobium-93
Nitrogen-14
Osmium-189
Oxygen-17
Palladium-105
Potassium-39/41
Rhenium-185/187
Rubidium-85/87
Ruthenium-99/101
Scandium-45
Sodium-23
Strontium-87
Sulfur-33
Tantalum-181
Titanium-47/49
Vanadium-51
Xenon-131
Zinc-67
Zirconium-91
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