DUMBOdqPC7sqbsw: 2D big F1 spectral width 2Q - 1Q PC7 correlation with DUMBO decoupling pulse program (TopSpin2.1)

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DQ/SQ pulse sequence with DUMBO

Since non-phase cycling is applied to the PC7 excitation pulse, four-phase cycling is applied to the detection pulse P1 for selecting the 0Q -> -1Q coherence order jump, and four-phase cycling is applied to the PC7 reconversion pulse for filtering DQ coherences.

*** Outline ***

Code for Avance III spectrometers with topSpin2.1 operating system

;DUMBOdqPC7sqbsw
;2D DQ-SQ proton-proton shift correlation with POST C7 DQ excitation/reconversion
;with homonuclear DUMBO decoupling DQ evolution without prepulses during t1
;and windowed DUMBO acquisition
;S. P. Brown, A. Lesage, B. Elena and L. Emsley, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 13230-13231 (2004).
;modified after Leskes, Madhu and Vega, Chem. Phys. Lett. to remove center artefact
;using STATES-TPPI
;This pulse program was written according to the corresponding DUMBO-sequence from
;the ENS-Lyon Pulse Program Library

;p9 2.4-4.5 usec, depending on probe deadtime, usually:
;for 200 and 300 MHz, CRAMPS probe required or use 4.5 usec,
;acqu or p9 must be as short as possible, avoiding dipolar coupling effects between DUMBO sequences,
;l11 or d9 must be as large as possible to improve S/N ratio, but keeping acqu positive and small,

;p1 : 90 degree 1H detection pulse
;p2 : presaturation 90 degree pulse
;p9 : acquisition window, 1.7-4.5 usec, depending on probe deadtime
;p10: dumbo-1   pulse for t2
;p20: dumber-22 pulse for t1
;p25: = inf1, for t1 increment

;d1 : recycle delay
;d5 : z filter delay, 0.1 μs or multiple of 1/cnst31, otherwise no signal
;d10: parameter for t1 value
;d20: delay between saturation pulses

;l0 : 0 as initial t1
;l1 : number post-c7 basic cycle elements, for protons 2-4 in real solids
;l3 : t1-increment multiplier, usually 2-4, to reduce required number of rows
;l11: number of oversampled data points to be averaged into one dwell point
;l20: # of pulses in saturation pulse train, 0 if undesired

;pl1 : 1H presaturation power
;pl7 : 1H power for POST C7, B1=7*cnst31 in Hz
;pl12: 1H power for pulses P1
;pl13: dumbo power
;sp1 : 1H power for windowed dumbo-1 (t2)
;sp2 : 1H power for dumber-22 (t1) (usually somewhat less power than sp1 since 
;      there is no window), set to pl13 as in setup experiments

;cnst1 : phase for PC7 reconversion pulse due to t1 evolution period
;cnst31: spinning frequency (usually not more than 15 kHz possible)
;FnMode: undefined
;MC2   : STATES-TPPI
;NS    : = 16*n
;zgoptns :-Dpresat or blank

;$COMMENT=homonuclear decoupling with w-DUMBO
;$CLASS=Solids
;$DIM=2D
;$TYPE=homonuclear decoupling
;$SUBTYPE=explicit acquisition
;$OWNER=hf

;cnst11 : to adjust t=0 for acquisition, if digmod = baseopt
"acqt0=1u*cnst11"


dwellmode auto

#include <Avancesolids.incl>
#include <Delayssolids.incl>

  "d3=p9"                      ;p9 sets the window to make sure it is in microseconds
  "d9=0.1u*(l11)"              ;set the sampling window, defined in Avancesolids.incl
  "blktr2 = 0.6u"              ;this opens the transmitter gate 0.6 usec before the
                               ;pulse, so the transmitter noise is not sampled
  "l0=0"                       ;reset F1 dwell counter
  "inf1=(l3*(2*d3+p20))*2"     ;t1 increment
  "sp1=pl13"
  "sp2=pl13"

define delay dead
  "dead=1.2u"
define delay acqu              ;small window, defined by d3, 2.5-4.5 usec depending
  "acqu=2*p9-1.2u-d9-.1u"      ;on probe deadtime
                               ;acqu or p9 must be as short as possible, avoiding dipolar coupling effects
                               ;l11 or d9 must be as large as possible but keeping acqu positive
define delay cycle
  "cycle=4*p9+2*p10+.2u"
define loopcounter count
  "count=aq/cycle"             ;make sure td datapoints are sampled
define delay rest              ;make sure sampling proceeds throughout the sequence
  "rest=aq-(count*cycle)"

define loopcounter count1      ;for STATES-TPPI procedure
  "count1=td1/2"               ;and STATES cos/sin procedure

define pulse tau1
  "tau1=((0.25s/cnst31)/7)"    ; 90° pulse
define pulse tau4
  "tau4=((1s/cnst31)/7)"       ;360° pulse
define pulse tau3
  "tau3=((0.75s/cnst31)/7)"    ;270° pulse

  "d31=1.0s/cnst31"
  "p25=inf1"

1 ze                           ;acquire into a cleared memory
  "d10=0.1u"                   ;make sure a short d10 is used initially

2 d31

#ifdef presat                  ;set with -Dpresat
pres, d20                      ;delay between saturation pulses
  (p2 pl1 ph4):f1              ;saturation loop if required
  lo to pres times l20
#endif /* presat */

  d1                           ;recycle delay

  "cnst1=180*cnst31*d10"       ;phase correction for PC7 reconversion pulse,
                               ;due to t1 DQ evolution period,
                               ;defined by the phase-time relationships

  10u reset1:f1                ;synchronise pulse and detection RF
  1m rpp10                     ;reset phase list pointer
  1m rpp20                     ;reset phase list pointer
  1m rpp11
  1m rpp12
  1m rpp13
  1m rpp14
  10u pl7:f1
                               ;PC7 excitation:
3 tau1:f1 ph11 ipp13 ipp14     ;increment reconversion phase ph13 and ph14 pointers
  tau4:f1 ph12 ipp12           ;increment phase ph12 pointer
  tau3:f1 ph11 ipp11           ;increment phase ph11 pointer
  lo to 3 times l1

5 d3                           ;DQ evolution:
  d3
  (p20:sp2 ph20^):f1           ;dumber22
  d3
  d3
  (p20:sp2 ph20^):f1           ;dumber22
  lo to 5 times l0

6 tau1:f1 ph13+cnst1 pl7:f1    ;PC7 reconversion:
                               ;increase ph13 by cnst1 due to evolution period
  tau4:f1 ph14+cnst1 ipp14     ;iincrease ph14 by cnst1 due to evolution period
                               ;increment phase ph14 pointer
  tau3:f1 ph13+cnst1 ipp13     ;increase ph13 by cnst1 due to evolution period
                               ;increment phase ph13 pointer
  lo to 6 times l1

  d5 pl12:f1                   ;z filter delay
  STARTADC                     ;prepare adc for sampling, set reference frequency, 
                               ;defined in Avancesolids.incl
  RESETPHASE                   ;reset reference phase

  (p1 ph1):f1                  ;90° detection pulse at pl12
  .1u DWL_CLK_ON
7 dead
  acqu
  d9 RG_ON
  .1u RG_OFF                   ;take l11  complex data points
  (p10:sp1  ph10^):f1          ;w-dumbo, use 24 usec at 600 MHz or higher
  dead
  acqu
  d9 RG_ON
  .1u RG_OFF
  (p10:sp1  ph10^):f1
  lo to 7 times count          ;make sure td points are sampled

  rest
  1u  DWL_CLK_OFF
  1m                           ;DQ filtering (four phase cycling):
  1m ip13                      ;increments all phases of ph13 by 90°
  1m ip14                      ;increments all phases of ph14 by 90°
  ;1m ip13*16384                ;increments all phases of ph13 by 90°
  ;1m ip14*16384                ;increments all phases of ph14 by 90°
  rcyc=2
  100m wr #0 if #0 zd

  1m ip11                      ;increments all phases of ph11 by 45°, 
                               ;90° phase for DQ coherence
  1m ip12                      ;increments all phases of ph12 by 45°, 
                               ;90° phase for DQ coherence
  ;1m  ip11*8192                ;increments all phases of ph11 by 45°, 
                                ;90° phase for DQ coherence
  ;1m  ip12*8192                ;increments all phases of ph12 by 45°,
                                ;90° phase for DQ coherence

  lo to 2 times 2              ;t1 quadrature detection

8 1m iu0                       ;increment counter l0 by 1
  lo to 8 times l3             ;for multiple t1 increment

  "d10=d10+p25"                ;p25=inf1=increment for F1 (to make it usec!)
                               ;d10 is the t1 evolution period

  ;1m rp11                     ;reset all phases of ph11, ph12, ph13, and ph14 
  ;1m rp12                     ;to their original values, i.e. to the values they 
  ;1m rp13                     ;had before the first ip11, ip12, ip13, and ip14
  ;1m rp14                     ;in case of STATES remove semicolon at beginning of the 4 lines

  lo to 2 times count1         ;count1 = td1/2
  exit                         ;finished

ph1=  1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0
ph10= 0 2                      ;windowed dumbo phase during t2

ph11 = (float,45.0)   0.00  51.43 102.86 154.29 205.71 257.14 308.57 
ph12 = (float,45.0) 180.00 231.43 282.86 334.29 385.71 437.14 488.57 
ph13 = (float,90.0)  90.00 141.43 192.86 244.29 295.71 347.14 398.57 
ph14 = (float,90.0) 270.00 321.43 372.86 424.29 475.71 527.14 578.57 

                               ;an overall constant phase shift of π/2 is applied 
                               ;to the reconversion pulse phases ph13 and ph14 for time reversal

;ph11=(65536)     0  9362 18725 28087 37449 46811 56174 
;ph12=(65536) 32768 42130 51493 60855  4681 14043 23406
;ph13=(65536) 16384 25746 35109 44471 53833 63195  7022
;ph14=(65536) 49152 58514  2341 11703 21065 30427 39790

ph4= 0                         ;for presaturation pulse
ph20=0 2                       ;dumber22 phase during t1
ph30=0                         ;needed for acquisition, involved in RESETPHASE
ph31=0 2 0 2 1 3 1 3 2 0 2 0 3 1 3 1                   ;involved in STARTADC
                               ;ph31 = ph1 + 2*ph13 + 1
  

References

  1. Renée Siegel, Luís Mafra, and João Rocha
    Improving the 1H indirect dimension resolution of 2D CRAMPS NMR spectra: A simulation and experimental investigation,
    Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. 39, 81-87 (2011).
    Abstract
  2. Vadim Zorin and David Rice
    Direct-drive waveform programming for solid-state NMR with the DD2 MR system,
    PDF file
  3. Andreas Brinkmann, Suresh Kumar Vasa, Hans Janssen, and Arno P. M. Kentgens
    Proton micro-magic-angle-spinning NMR spectroscopy of nanoliter samples,
    Chem. Phys. Lett. 485, 275-280 (2010).
    Abstract
  4. Luis Mafra, Renée Siegel, Christian Fernandez, Denis Schneider, Fabien Aussenac, and João Rocha
    High-resolution 1H homonuclear dipolar recoupling NMR spectra of biological solids at MAS rates up to 67 kHz,
    J. Magn. Reson. 199, 111-114 (2009).
    Abstract
    DQ-DUMBO-RN pulse sequence

    RN-DQ/SQ-DUMBO excitation pulse sequence.

  5. Luís Mafra, José R. B. Gomes, Julien Trébosc, João Rocha, and Jean-Paul Amoureux
    1H-1H double-quantum CRAMPS NMR at very-fast MAS (νR = 35 kHz): A resolution enhancement method to probe 1H-1H proximities in solids,
    J. Magn. Reson. 196, 88-91 (2009).
    Abstract
    DQ-SAM-BABA pulse sequence

    BABA-DQ/SQ-SAM excitation pulse sequence.

  6. Elodie Salager, Robin S. Stein, Chris J. Pickard, Bénédicte Elena, and Lyndon Emsley
    Powder NMR crystallography of thymol,
    Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 11, 2610-2621 (2009).
    Abstract
  7. Michal Leskes, P. K. Madhu, and Shimon Vega
    Proton line narrowing in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance: New insights from windowed phase-modulated Lee-Goldburg sequence,
    J. Chem. Phys. 125, 124506/1-124506/18 (2006).
    Abstract
  8. Steven P. Brown, Anne Lesage, Bénédicte Elena, and Lyndon Emsley
    Probing proton-proton proximities in the solid state: High-resolution two-dimensional 1H-1H double-quantum CRAMPS NMR spectroscopy,
    J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 13230-13231 (2004).
    Abstract
    DQ-DUMBO-PC7 pulse sequence

    DQ-DUMBO excitation pulse sequence.

  9. P. K. Madhu, Elena Vinogradov, and Shimon Vega
    Multiple-pulse and magic-angle spinning aided double-quantum proton solid-state NMR spectroscopy,
    Chem. Phys Lett. 394, 423-428 (2004).
    Abstract
  10. G. P. Drobny, J. R. Long, T. Karlsson, W. Shaw, J. Popham, N. Oyler, P. Bower, J. Stringer, D. Gregory, M. Mehta, and P. S. Stayton
    Structural studies of biomaterials using double-quantum solid-state NMR spectroscopy,
    Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 54, 531-571 (2003).
    Abstract
  11. T. Karlsson, A. Brinkmann, P. J. E. Verdegem, J. Lugtenburg, and M. H. Levitt
    Multiple-quantum relaxation in the magic-angle-spinning NMR of 13C spin pairs,
    Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. 14, 43-58 (1999).
    Abstract
  12. M. Hohwy, C. M. Rienstra, C. P. Jaroniec, and R. G. Griffin
    Fivefold symmetric homonuclear dipolar recoupling in rotating solids: Application to double quantum spectroscopy,
    J. Chem. Phys. 110, 7983-7992 (1999).
    Abstract
  13. M. Hohwy, H. J. Jakobsen, M. Edén, M. H. Levitt, and N. C. Nielsen
    Broadband dipolar recoupling in the nuclear magnetic resonance of rotating solids: A compensated C7 pulse sequence,
    J. Chem. Phys. 108, 2686-2694 (1998).
    Abstract
  14. W. A. Dollase, M. Feike, H. Förster, T. Schaller, I. Schnell, A. Sebald, and S. Steuernagel
    A 2D 31P MAS NMR study of polycrystalline Cd3(PO4)2,
    J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 3807-3810 (1997).
    Abstract
  15. Y. K. Lee, N. D. Kurur, M. Helmle, O. G. Johannessen, N. C. Nielsen, and M. H. Levitt
    Efficient dipolar recoupling in the NMR of rotating solids. A sevenfold symmetric radiofrequency pulse sequence,
    Chem. Phys. Lett. 242, 304-309 (1995).
    Abstract
  16. A. Wokaun and R. R. Ernst
    Selective detection of multiple quantum transitions in NMR by two-dimensional spectroscopy ,
    Chem. Phys. Lett. 52, 407-412 (1977).
    Abstract

Solid-state NMR bibliography for:

Aluminum-27
Antimony-121/123
Arsenic-75
Barium-135/137
Beryllium-9
Bismuth-209
Boron-11
Bromine-79/81
Calcium-43
Cesium-133
Chlorine-35/37
Chromium-53
Cobalt-59
Copper-63/65
Deuterium-2
Gallium-69/71
Germanium-73
Gold-197
Hafnium-177/179
Indium-113/115
Iodine-127
Iridium-191/193
Krypton-83
Lanthanum-139
Lithium-7
Magnesium-25
Manganese-55
Mercury-201
Molybdenum-95/97
Neon-21
Nickel-61
Niobium-93
Nitrogen-14
Osmium-189
Oxygen-17
Palladium-105
Potassium-39/41
Rhenium-185/187
Rubidium-85/87
Ruthenium-99/101
Scandium-45
Sodium-23
Strontium-87
Sulfur-33
Tantalum-181
Titanium-47/49
Vanadium-51
Xenon-131
Zinc-67
Zirconium-91
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